The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious cup on fourteen different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past Marseille in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the match featuring the French league winners and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the net early on.
However, Marseille fired twice late to take a shock lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital equaliser in the final moments to force the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 shootout victory.
The record champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the last thirteen seasons.